Table 4 Functional characteristics of muscles in the kyphotic posture
From: Non-structural misalignments of body posture in the sagittal plane
| Muscle | Lengthened | Shortened | Hypoactive | Hyperactive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erector spinae (thoracic part) | + | + | ||
| Rhomboideus major and minor | + | + | ||
| Serratus anterior | + | + | ||
| Trapezius (middle and lower parts) | + | + | ||
| Latissimus dorsi (medial part) | + | + | ||
| Suboccipital | + | + | ||
| Sternocleidomastoid | + | + | ||
| Scaleni | + | + | ||
| Latissimus dorsi (area of insertion) | + | + | ||
| Trapezius (superior part) | + | + | ||
| Pectoralis minor and major | + | + | ||
| Rectus abdominis | + | + | ||
| Abdominal internal oblique (anterior part) | + | + | ||
| Abdominal internal oblique (posterior part) | + | + | ||
| Abdominal external oblique | + | + |